WASHINGTON — The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Tuesday proposed to recoup the cost of recent bank failures and prepare for additional failures by more than doubling the insurance premiums that banks must pay.

The plan would raise about $10 billion a year in additional revenue for the FDIC, which has spent $11 billion so far this year to clean up the largest crop of bank failures since the early 1990s. Banks would pay the higher rates beginning next year, pending final approval of the plan after a comment period.

For the first time, the agency also plans to use its fee structure as a policy tool, prodding banks to adopt less risky business practices by offering large discounts on premiums.

The change is partially an effort to limit the premium increase for low-risk institutions, by imposing higher fees on banks that are more likely to fail. But the changes also underscore the administration's efforts to reign in the banking industry, sometimes by pulling on previously untouched ropes.

The FDIC guarantees that depositors will be repaid in the event of a bank failure. Last week, Congress temporarily raised to $250,000 the amount insured by the FDIC in each bank account. All told, the agency insures more than $5 trillion in deposits at several thousand institutions.

The FDIC is funded entirely by assessments on banks. For the first quarter of next year, the average premium would rise to 13.5 cents on every $100 in deposits, from 6.3 cents now. The FDIC will reward banks that rely mostly on deposits gathered from their community and banks that raise funding without pledging assets as collateral. Conversely, banks will pay higher insurance premiums if they gather deposits through third-party brokers, or if they raise money by pledging loans as collateral.

John Douglas, a former FDIC general counsel, said the new approach was an extension of the FDIC's long-standing practice of setting rates based on the risk that a bank will fail.

"This is like the insurance company saying if you drink and drive you're going to pay more premiums," said Douglas, now a banking lawyer with the law firm Paul Hastings.